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   Thursday, May 23, 2013
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Facts about migration and remittances


  • Though India lags behind Mexico in number of emigrants (those migrating abroad), but it remains the largest recipient of remittances, with the figure rising from $49.6 billion in 2009 to $55 billion in 2010.
     
  • India and China (with $51 billion in remittances), account for almost a quarter of the worldwide remittance flows of $440 billion in 2010, the report estimated.
     
  • While the developing countries receive the bulk ($325 billion) of total remittances, high-income OECD countries account for just $107 billion of the global remittance flow.
     
  • Middle-income countries including China, Russia, Mexico, India, Pakistan, Egypt, and Turkey receive most of it ($301 billion), while low-income countries including Bangladesh, Tajikistan, Nepal, Uganda and Cambodia receive just $24 billion. Among these Bangladesh alone receives over $11 billion.
     
  • It is believed that the true size of remittances, including unrecorded money transfers through informal channels, is considerably larger than the official figures.
     
  • The recorded remittances in 2009 were nearly three times the amount of official foreign aid and equal to FDI flows to developing countries.
     
  • The US recorded the largest outflow of remittances in 2009 -- $48 billion -- followed by Saudi Arabia with an outflow of $26 billion and Switzerland and Russia accounting for less than $20 billion of outflows each.
     
  • Every year 11.4 million Indians migrate abroad, but during the same period 5.4 million come into the country, making India No. 10 in the list of nations attracting the most immigrants -- and No. 2 in Asia, behind Saudi Arabia.
     
  • India is among the most important destination for Asian migrants, second only to the US. But most of these come from Bangladesh, Nepal and Pakistan.
     
  • Approximately 37% of Asian migrants move to OECD countries, 43% migrate within the region and the rest migrate to other countries outside the region.
    The World Migration Report 2010, brought out by the International Organization for Migration, says that about 57% of all migrants live in high income countries, up from 43% in 1990.
     
  • Migrants now make up 10% of the population of high-income regions, up from 7.2% in 1990.
     
  • The US remains the top migrant destination country in the world, with 42.8 million migrants in 2010 compared to 34.8 million in 2000. However, just over 2.2 million Americans live outside the US, less than 1% of the country's population.
     
  • For Asia too, the US was the main destination with 7.9 million Asian emigrants going to that country. Asians are the second-largest group of migrants in the US, next to Mexicans, with over 10 million people a 27% share of the total migrant population -- made up of nearly 2 million Chinese, 1.7 million Filipinos and 1.6 million Indians.
     
  • Many of the big destination countries are also origin countries like Germany, the UK, Ukraine, Russia and India.
     
  • The top immigration countries relative to population are Qatar where migrants make up 87% of the population, Monaco (72%), the United Arab Emirates (70%), Kuwait (69%) and Andorra (64%).
     
  • The total number of international migrants or people living outside their country of birth in 2010 to be 215 million persons, or 3% of the world's population, only a marginal increase over the levels recorded in 2005.

These facts have been compiled by the World Bank's just-released Migration and Remittances Factbook 2011.

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Coke Nation

The news that Indians consume far less aerated beverages each year than their neighbours in Pakistan and China could be interpreted differently. In comparison to per capita annual consumption of 39 and 21 bottles of aerated drinks in China and Pakistan respectively, average Indian drinks just about 14 bottles in a year. For Coca-Cola this means a serious job at hand for which the company has announced an advertisement budget of $5 billion. For the company, economic growth of a country and its peoples' thirst for aerated beverages is directly coorelated. 

Coca-Cola doesn't consider 'negative' publicity for cola behind poor consumption of the aerated beverage in India. As per its books, brand Coca-Cola has registered consecutive growth for past 27 quarters and has been a leader with a brand volume of 30 per cent. For Coca-Cola the target is to turn it into a 'Coke Nation', on the lines of Mexico where per capita annual consumption is 745 bottles..Whether Indian consumer exercises restraint in gulping the drink whose health consequences are all but known, the flipside to the story is that  the state governments are falling prey to Coca-Cola's investment plans?

Waste Appetite

The clock has turned full circle! After dumping industrial and toxic trash in the developing world all these years, Europe is now shopping for garbage to keep its cities, schools and homes heated. What better place than the developing world to shop for garbage! Reports indicate that northern Europe needs more than 700 million tons of trash to keep its waste-to-energy plants running. Most of its current demand is either domestically met or from garbage shipped from southern Europe.Yet, the demand is far more than what neighboring countries can spare after meeting their domestic needs. 

As more waste incinerators are being built in Sweden, Norway, Austria and Germany to meet the growing demand for heating public places, these countries are left with two options - either encourage households to produce more trash or else import garbage from across the world. For sure, it is easy to import than to produce! A company in England is already shipping some 1,000 tons of garbage to keep its systems running. Since incinerators have cornered environmental controversy in India and for rightful reasons, there exists an opportunity to explore feasibility of exporting as much as 109,589 tonnes of garbage that piles our streets on a daily basis. 

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